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Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 193-203 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0608-0

摘要： Recently the porous bilayer wood solar collectors have drawn increasing attention because of their potential application in solar desalination. In this paper, a thermodynamic model has been developed to analyze the performance of the wood solar collector. A modeling analysis has also been conducted to assess the performance and operating conditions of the multiple effect desalination (MED) system integrated with the porous wood solar collector. Specifically, the effects of operating parameters, such as the motive steam temperature, seawater flow rate, input solar energy and number of effects on the energy consumption for each ton of distilled water produced have been investigated in the MED desalination system combined with the bilayer wood solar steam generator. It is found that, under a given operating condition, there exists an optimum steam generation temperature of around 145°C in the wood solar collector, so that the specific power consumption in the MED system reaches a minimum value of 24.88 kWh/t. The average temperature difference is significantly affected by the solar heating capacity. With the solar capacity increasing from 50 kW to 230 kW, the average temperature difference increases from 1.88°C to 6.27°C. This parametric simulation study will help the design of efficient bilayer wood solar steam generator as well as the MED desalination system.

关键词： solar energy     steam generating     multi-effect desalination    

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Multi-effect anthraquinone-based polyimide enclosed SnO/reduced graphene oxide composite as high-performance

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1231-1243 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2306-z

摘要： The cycling stability of SnO2 anode as lithium-ion battery is poor due to volume expansion. Polyimide coatings can effectively confine the expansion of SnO2. However, linear polyimides are easily dissolved in ester electrolytes and their carbonyls is not fully utilized during charging/discharging process. Herein, the SnO2 enclosed with anthraquinone-based polyimide/reduced graphene oxide composite was prepared by self-assembly. Carbonyls from the anthraquinone unit provide fully available active sites to react with Li+, improving the utilization of carbonyl in the polyimide. More exposed carbonyl active sites promote the conversion of Sn to SnO2 with electrode gradual activation, leading to an increase in reversible capacity during the charge/discharge cycle. In addition, the introduction of reduced graphene oxide cannot only improve the stability of polyimide in the electrolyte, but also build fast ion and electron transport channels for composite electrodes. Due to the multiple effects of anthraquinone-based polyimide and the synergistic effect of reducing graphene oxide, the composite anode exhibits a maximum reversible capacity of 1266 mAh·g−1 at 0.25 A·g−1, and maintains an excellent specific capacity of 983 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles. This work provides a new strategy for the synergistic modification of SnO2.

关键词： anthraquinone-based polyimide     multi-effect     tin dioxide     reduced graphene oxide     lithium-ion battery    

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有固相析出的多效两段蒸发系统模型与过程模拟

李玲,阮奇

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第10期   页码 54-60

摘要：

建立了带有冷凝水闪蒸的有固相析出的多效两段蒸发系统的常规设计数学模型，模型将系统的相平衡关系用回归式表达，使模型可以用计算机编程求解，避免了手工计算结合查相图的烦琐的计算过程；利用矩阵方程具有结构清晰和高度模块化的特点，将系统的物料衡算和热量衡算方程组写成矩阵方程的形式，只要保留或舍弃矩阵方程中的相关块矩阵，模型就能代表没有冷凝水闪蒸或没有固相析出的多效两段蒸发系统常规设计模型；采用迭代法结合矩阵法来求解模型，算例表明，冷凝水闪蒸对多效两段蒸发系统是有效的节能措施，算法收敛速度快、收敛稳定性好。

关键词： 固相析出     多效两段蒸发数学模型     冷凝水闪蒸    

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复杂并流多效蒸发系统的数学模型与矩阵解法

阮奇,陈文波,黄诗煌,叶长燊

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第4期   页码 36-41

摘要：

建立了有冷凝水闪蒸和额外蒸汽引出的复杂并流多效蒸发系统的数学模型, 常规并流多效蒸发模型只是该模型的一个特例。提出一种新算法--迭代法结合矩阵法求解模型并给出算法框图。算例表明新算法比常用的牛顿迭代法和Broyden法效率更高，具有对初值要求不高、收敛稳定性好、收敛速度快等优点。对三效并流蒸发蔗糖水溶液系统，采用冷凝水闪蒸和引出额外蒸汽将原料液从26.7 ℃预热至90 ℃，约可节省16%的加热生蒸汽，节能效果显著。

关键词： 冷凝水闪蒸     额外蒸汽引出     并流流程     多效蒸发     数学模型     矩阵解法    

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The effect of altering crosslinker chemistry during interfacial polymerization on the performance ofnanofiltration membranes for desalination, organic, and micropollutants removal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2025-2036 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2356-2

摘要： Chemistry of the polyamide active layer of a desalination membrane is critical in determining both its physical and chemical properties. In this study, we designed and fabricated three novel membranes with different active layers using the crosslinkers: terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, and trimesoyl chloride. The crosslinkers were reacted with an aqueous solution of an aliphatic tetra-amine. Because these crosslinkers differ in their structures and crosslinking mechanisms during interfacial polymerization, the resultant membranes also possess different structural properties. The water contact angle of the fabricated membranes also varies; the water contact angles of 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET, 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET, and 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET, are 68.9°, 65.6°, and 53.9°, respectively. Similarly, the desalination performance of resultant membranes also showed variations, with 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET, 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET, and 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET having a permeate flux of 17.14, 25.70, and 30.90 L·m−2·h−1, respectively, at 2.5 MPa. The 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET membrane exhibited extensive crosslinking with aliphatic linear amine, and cationic dye rhodamine B, MgCl2, and amitriptyline rejection rates of 98.6%, 92.7% and 80.9%, respectively. The 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET membrane showed mediocre performance, while 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET membrane showed even lower performance, with a 35% rejection of methyl orange dye.

关键词： acid chlorides     covalent crosslinking     desalination     linear aliphatic amine     micropollutant removal     thin film composite membranes    

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非并网风电单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统研究

施建中

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第3期   页码 35-40

摘要：

为了缓解我国淡水缺乏的现状，将海水进行淡化成了一个主要的研究方向。针对传统海水淡化方法属高耗能产业，并且使用常规能源，对环境易造成二次污染的缺陷，介绍了一种基于非并网多能源协同供电的海水淡化系统。该系统基于非并网风电原理，利用风、光、潮汐等绿色能源对海水淡化系统供电，提高了能源的利用效率，实现二氧化碳的零排放，具有很好的社会经济效益。本文设计并研发了一套单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统，该系统利用1台2.5 MW风机对海水淡化系统供电，基于非并网风电理论，做到了风电高效、低成本、全部利用。

关键词： 非并网；风网互补；多能源协同；海水淡化；变频    

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A simplified model of direct-contact heat transfer in desalination system utilizing LNG cold energy

Qingqing SHEN, Wensheng LIN, Anzhong GU, Yonglin JU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 122-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0175-0

摘要： With the increasingly extensive utilization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in China today, sustainable and effective using of LNG cold energy is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the utilization of LNG cold energy in seawater desalination system is proposed and analyzed. In this system, the cold energy of the LNG is first transferred to a kind of refrigerant, i.e., butane, which is immiscible with water. The cold refrigerant is then directly injected into the seawater. As a result, the refrigerant droplet is continuously heated and vaporized, and in consequence some of the seawater is simultaneously frozen. The formed ice crystal contains much less salt than that in the original seawater. A simplified model of the direct-contact heat transfer in this desalination system is proposed and theoretical analyses are conducted, taking into account both energy balance and population balance. The number density distribution of two-phase bubbles, the heat transfer between the two immiscible fluids, and the temperature variation are then deduced. The influences of initial size of dispersed phase droplets, the initial temperature of continuous phase, and the volumetric heat transfer coefficient are also clarified. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data of the R114/water system.

关键词： liquefied natural gas (LNG)     cold energy utilization     desalination     direct-contact heat transfer    

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A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its

Zhigang LIU, Shaomin ZHU, Yansheng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 45-50 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0262-6

摘要： A novel method for the regeneration of cation exchange resins by aluminum (Al) salts was investigated in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of resins and reduce the dosage of regenerant. The influences of Al concentration and the pH of regeneration solution on resin transformation had been studied. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the Al form resins. Experimental results showed that the regeneration rate of resins was strictly dependent on Al concentration and the pH of the solution. Compared to the conventional regeneration method, the Al form mixed bed exhibited the same desalination capability as the H form mixed bed (MB), and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was up to 90%, clearly higher than that of the H form. Al salt solution could be utilized repeatedly to regenerate Al form resins.

关键词： aluminum (Al) form resins     desalination     mixed bed (MB)     regeneration    

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Investigation of the roles of lignin in biomass-based hydrogel for efficient desalination

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 954-965 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2311-2

摘要： The shortage of freshwater has become a global challenge, and solar-driven interfacial evaporation for desalination is a promising way to alleviate the crisis. To develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly photothermal evaporator, the hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/alkaline lignin (AL)/graphene oxide (GO) hydrogels (CLGs) with remarkable evaporative performance were successfully fabricated by a facile sol–gel method using biomass residues. The influence of AL content on the physicochemical properties of the evaporator was investigated. The increasing content of AL improves the mechanical properties, saturated water content and crosslink density of the hydrogels. The designed materials exhibit outstanding thermal insulation capacity (the thermal conductivity of less than 0.05 W·m–1·K–1) and high light absorption capacity of more than 97%. The solar evaporation efficiency and water evaporation rate of the HEC/64 wt % of AL/GO hydrogels (CLG4) achieve 92.1% and 2.55 kg·m–2·h–1 under 1 sun, respectively. The salt resistance test results reveal that the evaporation rate of the CLG4 can still reach 2.44 kg·m–2·h–1 in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. The solar evaporation rate of the CLG4 can maintain in the range of 2.45–2.59 kg·m–2·h–1 in five cycles. This low-cost lignin-based photothermal evaporator offers a sustainable strategy for desalination.

关键词： lignin     photothermal     cellulose     desalination     hydrogel    

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Environmental dispersivity in free-water-surface-effect dominated wetland: multi-scale analysis

Zi WU, Zhi LI, Li ZENG, Ling SHAO, Hansong TANG, Qing YANG, Guoqian CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 597-603 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0311-9

摘要： Distinct from the case with width-dominated shallow wetland flows, the longitudinal evolution of contaminant concentration in the most-typical pattern of wetland as dominated by free-water-surface-effect is characterized by a multi-scale analysis in the present study. An environmental dispersion model for the evolution of the mean concentration is deduced as an extension of Taylor's classical formulation by Mei’s multi-scale analysis. Corresponding environmental dispersivity is found identical to that determined by the method of concentration moments.

关键词： free-surface wetland     environmental dispersion     multi-scale analysis    

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An investigation on stress distribution effect on multi- piezoelectric energy harvesters

Hailu YANG, Dongwei CAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 301-307 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0404-z

摘要： With the fast development of piezoelectric materials and due to its green and renewable characteristics, the piezoelectric energy harvesting technology has been paid more and more attention by pavement engineers. The stress distribution will significantly affect the piezoelectric material performance. In this paper, the effects of multiple piezoelectric elements on the generation of electrical energy and output power are studied. In the case of constant external load, the number of the piezoelectric units does not necessarily produce more energy. When the same multi piezoelectric units work together, if the stress state of the piezoelectric units is different, the total output energy affected by the connection mode. For uneven stress distribution, the optimal output mode is that each of the piezoelectric units rectified before connected in parallel.

关键词： piezoelectric transducer     uneven stress     impedance matching     optimal energy output    

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Progress and prospect of hydrate-based desalination technology

Jibao ZHANG, Shujun CHEN, Ning MAO, Tianbiao HE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 445-459 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0740-5

摘要： With the continuous growth of the population and the improvement of production, the shortage of freshwater has plagued many countries. The use of novel technologies such as desalination to produce fresh water on a large scale has become inevitable in the world. Hydrate-based desalination (HBD) technology has drawn an increasing amount of attention due to its mild operation condition and environmental friendliness. In this paper, literature on hydrate-based desalination is comprehensively analyzed and critically evaluated, focuses on experimental progress in different hydrate formers that have an impact on thermodynamics and dynamics in hydrate formation. Besides, various porous media promotion is investigated. Besides, the hydrate formation morphology and hydrate crystal structure with different hydrate formers are analyzed and compared. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulation is discussed to further understand microscopic information of hydrate formation. Furthermore, simulations of the HBD process by considering the energy consumption are also investigated. In conclusion, the hydrated based desalination is a potential technology to get fresh water in a sustainable way.

关键词： gas hydrates     desalination     crystal morphology     molecular dynamic     cold energy    

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Economic evaluation of reverse osmosis desalination system coupled with tidal energy

Changming LING, Yifei WANG, Chunhua MIN, Yuwen ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 297-304 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0478-2

摘要： A reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system coupled with tidal energy is proposed. The mechanical energy produced by the tidal energy through hydraulic turbine is directly used to drive the RO unit. The system performances and the water cost of the conventional and tidal energy RO systems are compared. It is found that the proposed tidal energy RO system can save water cost in the range of 31.0% 41.7% in comparison with the conventional RO system. There is an optimum feed pressure that leads to the lowest water cost. The tidal RO system can save more costs at a high feed pressure or a high water recovery rate. The optimum feed pressure of the tidal energy RO system is higher than that of the conventional RO system. The longer lifetime of the tidal energy RO system can save even more water cost. When the site development cost rate is lower than 40%, the water cost of the tidal energy RO system will be lower than that of the conventional RO system. The proposed technology will be an effective alternative desalination method in the future.

关键词： reverse osmosis (RO) desalination     tidal energy     model     economic evaluation    

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The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 317-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0888-2

摘要： The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production successfully tested in Fujian, China

关键词： China     wind power non    

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with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels into polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for desalination

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1162-1182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2276-6

摘要： In the present research, for the first time, lycopodium as a novel nanofiller was incorporated into a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix to fabricate lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride flat-sheet membrane for desalination applications by vacuum membrane distillation process. The prepared lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membranes and lycopodium were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and mapping analyses. Water contact angle and liquid entry pressure measurements were also performed. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize membrane structure and performance. The optimized lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibits superior performance compared to the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane in terms of flux, salt rejection, water contact angle, and hydrophobicity. In vacuum membrane distillation experiments, using a 15000 ppm NaCl solution as a feed at 70 °C, the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, optimum membrane, and agglomerated membrane (with high lycopodium loading) demonstrated 3.80, 25.20, and 14.83 LMH flux and 63.30%, 99.99%, 99.96% salt rejection, respectively. This improvement in flux and salt rejection of the optimized membrane was related to the presence of lycopodium with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels in membrane structure. It was found that lycopodium, as the most hydrophobic material, effectively influences the membrane performance and structure for membrane distillation applications.

关键词： lycopodium     hydrophobicity     vacuum membrane distillation     desalination    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

期刊论文

Multi-effect anthraquinone-based polyimide enclosed SnO/reduced graphene oxide composite as high-performance

期刊论文

有固相析出的多效两段蒸发系统模型与过程模拟

李玲,阮奇

期刊论文

复杂并流多效蒸发系统的数学模型与矩阵解法

阮奇,陈文波,黄诗煌,叶长燊

期刊论文

The effect of altering crosslinker chemistry during interfacial polymerization on the performance ofnanofiltration membranes for desalination, organic, and micropollutants removal

期刊论文

非并网风电单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统研究

施建中

期刊论文

A simplified model of direct-contact heat transfer in desalination system utilizing LNG cold energy

Qingqing SHEN, Wensheng LIN, Anzhong GU, Yonglin JU

期刊论文

A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its

Zhigang LIU, Shaomin ZHU, Yansheng LI

期刊论文

Investigation of the roles of lignin in biomass-based hydrogel for efficient desalination

期刊论文

Environmental dispersivity in free-water-surface-effect dominated wetland: multi-scale analysis

Zi WU, Zhi LI, Li ZENG, Ling SHAO, Hansong TANG, Qing YANG, Guoqian CHEN

期刊论文

An investigation on stress distribution effect on multi- piezoelectric energy harvesters

Hailu YANG, Dongwei CAO

期刊论文

Progress and prospect of hydrate-based desalination technology

Jibao ZHANG, Shujun CHEN, Ning MAO, Tianbiao HE

期刊论文

Economic evaluation of reverse osmosis desalination system coupled with tidal energy

Changming LING, Yifei WANG, Chunhua MIN, Yuwen ZHANG

期刊论文

The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production

期刊论文

with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels into polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for desalination

期刊论文